# Data Decimation¶

Often times, raw spatial data can be highly oversampled in a direction. In these cases, we need to decimate the data before interpolation to avoid aliasing effects.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import verde as vd


For example, our sample shipborne bathymetry data has a higher sampling frequency along the tracks than between tracks:

# Load the data as a pandas.DataFrame
data = vd.datasets.fetch_baja_bathymetry()

# Plot it using matplotlib and Cartopy
crs = ccrs.PlateCarree()
plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Mercator())
ax.set_title("Locations of bathymetry measurements from Baja California")
# Plot the bathymetry data locations as black dots
plt.plot(data.longitude, data.latitude, ".k", markersize=1, transform=crs)
vd.datasets.setup_baja_bathymetry_map(ax)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


Out:

/home/travis/build/fatiando/verde/tutorials/decimation.py:27: UserWarning: Tight layout not applied. The left and right margins cannot be made large enough to accommodate all axes decorations.
plt.tight_layout()


Class verde.BlockReduce can be used to apply a reduction/aggregation operation (mean, median, standard deviation, etc) to the data in regular blocks. All data inside each block will be replaced by their aggregated value. BlockReduce takes an aggregation function as input. It can be any function that receives a numpy array as input and returns a single scalar value. The numpy.mean or numpy.median functions are usually what we want.

import numpy as np


Blocked means and medians are good ways to decimate data for interpolation. Let’s use a blocked median on our data to decimate it to our desired grid interval of 5 arc-minutes. The reason for using a median over a mean is because bathymetry data can vary abruptly and a mean would smooth the data too much. For data varies more smoothly (like gravity and magnetic data), a mean would be a better option.

reducer = vd.BlockReduce(reduction=np.median, spacing=5 / 60)
print(reducer)


Out:

BlockReduce(adjust='spacing', center_coordinates=False, drop_coords=True,
reduction=<function median at 0x7f4998b30620>, region=None,
shape=None, spacing=0.08333333333333333)


Use the filter method to apply the reduction:

coordinates, bathymetry = reducer.filter(
coordinates=(data.longitude, data.latitude), data=data.bathymetry_m
)

plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Mercator())
ax.set_title("Locations of decimated data")
# Plot the bathymetry data locations as black dots
plt.plot(*coordinates, ".k", markersize=1, transform=crs)
vd.datasets.setup_baja_bathymetry_map(ax)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


Out:

/home/travis/build/fatiando/verde/tutorials/decimation.py:60: UserWarning: Tight layout not applied. The left and right margins cannot be made large enough to accommodate all axes decorations.
plt.tight_layout()


By default, the coordinates of the decimated data are obtained by applying the same reduction operation to the coordinates of the original data. Alternatively, we can tell BlockReduce to return the coordinates of the center of each block:

reducer_center = vd.BlockReduce(
reduction=np.median, spacing=5 / 60, center_coordinates=True
)
coordinates_center, bathymetry = reducer_center.filter(
coordinates=(data.longitude, data.latitude), data=data.bathymetry_m
)

plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.Mercator())
ax.set_title("Locations of decimated data using block centers")
# Plot the bathymetry data locations as black dots
plt.plot(*coordinates_center, ".k", markersize=1, transform=crs)
vd.datasets.setup_baja_bathymetry_map(ax)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


Out:

/home/travis/build/fatiando/verde/tutorials/decimation.py:82: UserWarning: Tight layout not applied. The left and right margins cannot be made large enough to accommodate all axes decorations.
plt.tight_layout()


Now the data are ready for interpolation.

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.999 seconds)

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